Personal and Team Effectiveness – Motivation

Personal and Team Effectiveness is a big topic and I, personally think that motivation is very important in the business world. I think it is a must to provide motivation for the workers. If the workers are more motivated to complete the task, it can increase the productivity and effectiveness of the company. This is the reason why we all want to motivate our workers to exert their best effort. Not only in the business world, is motivation everywhere.Parents always motivate their children to study hard by offering small presents. For example, I remember when I was young, my parents often rewarded me by visiting Ocean Park if I achieved good results in the exams. This worked and I was motivated to study harder and harder as I really wanted to go to Ocean Park. It is the same in the business world. If we want to motivate the employees to improve their performance, we have to give them some rewards.For example, the Incentive Compensation Program implemented in some companies has good ef fects. In this program, workers who have excellent performance can be rewarded a certain amount of bonus. Apart from bonus, I think good welfare systems, good working environment, good relationship with colleagues are ways to motivate the workers. All the above motivation we have talked about is extrinsic. It is provided by the third party, i. e. comes from outside of the individual.Besides extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation is also a way to motivate the workers. This refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself, and exists within the individual rather than relying on any external source. In fact, people who are intrinsically motivated are more likely to improve their skills, and hence the performance. In my childhood, apart from my parents’ reward systems, I was also motivated by myself.I liked Mathematics so I put much effort on it and did a lot of Mathematics exercise. This was due to my own interest. In the workplace, if the w orkers enjoy the task, they will exert their best effort in order to achieve excellent. No matter it is about studies or careers, intrinsic motivation is important. To conclude, motivation is everywhere in the world. If we want to achieve better results, it is a must for us to think about what motivation can be applied. If people are more motivated, they perform much better.

Applied Business Ethics

Human beings have for a long time been faced with the plague of making the right decision. In each and every day, the business world lives around making decisions and for most of them, making the right one needs one to be thoughtful and considerations while others have no conscious in thinking through a decision. Hospitality, an industry I would really like to join as a future profession is like any other business that is profit driven. In Singapore, in the efforts to increase the profits in the industry and to increase the revenues, the government was at one time seen to settle on decisions that came with a lot of ethical issues in societies. Ethical issues in the hospitality industry have been experienced mostly in the cruise ships engaging in casinos and gambling where the government of Singapore legitimized the gambling as a business like other businesses. In as much as the cruise ship might be having a beneficial advantage to the country, by generating income to and adding up to the economy in Singapore, it is quite unfortunate that it discharges bilge water, sewerage and other waste to the water a few miles from the coast. Such activities are never regulated and they may be a great danger especially to the fishing industry as the waste and other discharge from the ship may cause a massive death of fish (Lo, 2005). Many stakeholders are naturally concerned that these wastes might cause negative impacts to the environment but then, they might not want to interfere and disturb revenue generating business and a part of the Singapore’s economy. The profit that is enjoyed from the cruise ships does not mean that the directors and other staff should be less ethical. Clearly, a company can be profitable and at the same time reducing the ethical issues through integrity (Balfour, 2006). In the process of using integrity, ethics would be prevailing and the right choices would be made. In the same cruise ships in Singapore, one of the businesses carrying the order of the day is gambling. In as much as casino gaming may seem to be a business like others, it is surrounded with many ethical issues. People engaging in gambling are prone to addiction to the game, might have tribal issues and others may be forced into organized crimes and suicide. While others may find their ways into gaming casinos for business and fun, others might take the opportunity to organized crimes; others may be tempted to commit suicide after losing a lot of money and property as others get addicted to the game. It thus leaves questions as to why the government could just decide to legalize gaming considering it come along with many ethical issues (Grinols & Mustard, 2006).   The aspect of being right or wrong appears to differ from culture to culture although the defending fact is about a person’s behavior. An example is the principle of utilitarianism where it is about the good deeds for many people. Singapore is well recognized as one of the governments that are least corrupts different from many countries where corruption has turned to be a plague in the government (Walker & Jackson, 2007). Many corporate agencies are full of corrupt administrators and governments are full of graft and bribes and as such people might not question a government running a country being ethical. Singapore, after its government announced that they will be legalizing gambling and allowing the construction of mega resorts with gaming facilities, it appeared that the country was thrown in a debating field about the implications that could come along with the decision. Questions are thus rising on how ethical or unethical the governments are becoming and the implication s of the decisions made by these governments to allow building of casinos and the operations of the cruise ship (Lim, 2005). The government of Singapore came out to defend its decision to legitimize the integrated resorts claiming that the gambling and all the games in the casinos can be considered a form of entertainment and a worthy investment. Also, they based their justification on economic situations where they had to import some of the raw materials used in building the casinos and as a result, enhancing business relationships with other countries. Another major reason the government gave for legalizing the gambling was that the revenue of the country was falling and it was because many of their citizens were travelling to other states to gamble. One may look at it that the government of Singapore may have wanted to tap into its revenue to prevent the money from being spent out of the country (Banks, 2002). Tourism was also another reason that saw the government allow the construction of the casinos and the operation of the cruise ship. The decision by the country was seen to be aiming at increasing the demands for and the motivation of the tourists to the island state. The government also based its decision of the fact that Singapore appears to the third least corrupt states making their probability to attract many tourists around the world high. It was also anticipated that the casino would be a great opening of many employment opportunities (Sim, 2010).   One of the ethical issues surrounding the casino and gambling business is the organized crimes taking place in these places. Crime is one of the factors that the anti-casino movements were seen to argue that will increase as a result of the legalization of the business. In other countries, there have been witnessed cases of assassinations around the casinos where the people gambling in these casinos seem not to be satisfied with the fact that they lose their money or property and thus, organize an assassination of their opponents (Garret, 2004). Before the government had legalized the casinos and gambling in Singapore, there were many forces and arguments for and against the case. Different people had different views concerning casino gaming where a group believed in the ethical part of casinos while others defended their opposition on grounds of the unethical parts causing an ethical dilemma in the case (Toneatto, Ferguson & Brennan, 2003). From the beginning, the policy makers in the country had acknowledged the possible negative externalities and gave an assurance that these would be controlled through different measures that were put in place. The government passed the casino control act that issued the license to build the two integrated resorts with casinos in them.   There are also statutory boards that were developed to limit the social impacts of the casino gambling and the state has been very strict in the act by progressively tightening the rules over time. There are exclusion measures and limits of visits to th e casino. The exclusion measures are seen to bar people from entering the casino while the limits of visits puts barriers on the number of visits a person can visit the casino, and that being imposed on registered members (Grinols, 2004). Another measure is on the people operating the casino where they are not allowed to accept credit cards from the local residents and they are as well not permitted to extend credit to the local visitors. In any case the operators appear to breach the regulations; they are to face some disciplinary actions including the imposition of fines, suspension or even termination of their licenses (Werker, 2007). Ever since the casinos in Singapore started working, the regulations governing them have been tightened progressively. The issue of addiction was to be sorted through the enrollment of education programs to through family service centers and community development councils. These bodies were to give gambling addiction information to the public and also trained the staff on the compulsive gambling and how to provide basic counseling to the gamblers (Anderson, 2005).     However, the government should have applied the consequentialism theory with the approach of ethics. The consequential approach emphasizes that an ethical morality is a contingent on the action outcome or its consequence. Therefore, any right ethical actions should produce a positive result (Walker & Jackson, 2007). The positive result should outweigh the negative outcome. The casino ACT mainly focused on the local residence hence benefiting them more than the residents. In conjunction with the shareholder's theory, the responsibility of the casino was to raise profits to the shareholders and benefit the residents positively. According to Banks (2002). Understanding the theories of justice comes from the business ethics. However, it has a political aspect due to the control of businesses by the government involvement. The government of Singapore defends its decision to legitimize the integrated resorts claiming that the gambling and all the games in the casinos can also be considered a form of entertainment. The claim is based on the economic conditions and the claim that purchasing of raw materials from other countries will support their relationships. The theory of justice mainly focuses on the creation of liberties equalization hence creating strong friendships and happiness between the other countries with a mutual benefit.   In each and every day, the business world lives around making decisions and for most of them, making the right one needs one to be thoughtful and considerations while others have no conscious in thinking through a decision. In as much as the cruise ship might be having a beneficial advantage to the country, by generating income to and adding up to the economy in Singapore, it is quite unfortunate that it discharges bilge water, sewerage and other waste to the water a few miles from the coast. Many corporate agencies are full of corrupt administrators and governments are full of graft and bribes and as such people might not question a government running a country being ethical. Singapore, after its government announced that they will be legalizing gambling and allowing the construction of mega resorts with gaming facilities, it appeared that the country was thrown in a debating field about the implications that could come along with the decision. The government passed the casino contr ol act that issued the license to build the two integrated resorts with casinos in them.   There are also statutory boards that were developed to limit the social impacts of the casino gambling and the state has been very strict in the act by progressively tightening the rules over time.   Anderson, J. E., (2005). Casino taxation in the United States. National Tax Journal, 58(2), 303–  Ã‚   324. Retrieved from https://ntj.tax.org/ Balfour, F. (2006). Macau gaming: Shady past, rosy future. BusinessWeek Online, pp. 6. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Banks, G. (2002). The Productivity Commission’s gambling inquiry: 3 years on. Presentation to    the 12th Annual Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies, Melbourne, Productivity Commission, Canberra. Retrieved from    https://www.pc.gov.au/speeches/?a=7804 Garret, T.A. (2004). Casino gaming and employment trends. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 86(1), pp. 9-22. Retrieved from https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/04/01/garrett.pdf Grinols, E.L. (2004). Gambling in America; Costs and benefits. The Press Syndicate of the University of   Cambridge, The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kingdom. Grinols, E.L., & Mustard, D.B. (2006). Casinos, crime, and community costs. The Review of Economics   and Statistics. 88(1), 28-45. Retrieved from https://www.terry.uga.edu/~mustard/casinos.pdf Lim, H. K. (2005). Comment by Minster for Trade & Industry Lim Hng Kiang.Ministerial    Speeches & Comments. Retrieved from Ministry of Trade and IndustrySingapore website: https://app.mti.gov.sg/default.asp?id=606 Lo, S. H. (2005). Casino politics, organized crime and the post-colonial state in Macau. Journal of Contemporary China, 14(43), 207-224. doi:10.1080/10670560500065454. Sim, A. (2010). Singapore already reaping benefits from IRs: Economist. Retrieved from https://www.asiaone.com/Business/News/Story/A1Story20100426-212421.html Toneatto, T., Ferguson, D., & Brennan, J. (2003). Effect of a new casino on problem gambling in treatment-seeking substance abusers. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48(1), 40.Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Walker, D., & Jackson, J. (2007). Do casinos cause economic growth? American Journal of Economics & Sociology, 66(3), 593-607. doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.2007.00528.x. Werker, E. (2007). Company town: Fixing corrupt governments. Harvard Business School,   Working Knowledge, Retrieved from https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5730.html

Information technology statistical analysis Essay

Information technology statistical analysis - Essay Example Using both patterns in a single study can be expensive, time-consuming, and lengthy (Blaxter, 2001). Moreover, researchers are seldom trained in the skills necessary to conduct studies based on more than one paradigm. Due to the limited resources and financial support, the researcher is comfortable with the rules and guidelines for conducting a quantitative research. With considerations as time, skills and the overall size of this study, the researcher chose a single research paradigm for the study. Certainly, the use of job satisfaction questionnaires is so prevalent that often too little thought is given to the construction of them (Neuman, 2003). To prevent such a problem and to prove the usefulness and meaningfulness of the data obtained from the questionnaire, the researcher has focused on several principles of the generation of the questionnaire for this study. For Job satisfaction survey study in United State, the data was collected via a questionnaire survey. The participants are requested to respond to questions on mainly 9 questions, given below. Five questions that measures demographic data, remaining were related to job satisfaction level. (1) Gender , (2) Age , (3) Department , (4) Position, (5) Tenure, (6) Overall Job Satisfaction, (7) Intrinsic Job Satisfaction - Satisfaction with the actual performance of the job, (8) Extrinsic Job Satisfaction- Things external to the job, e.g., office location, your work colleagues, your own office etc, and (9) Benefits - Satisfaction relating health insurance, pension plan, vacation, sick days, etc. Variables Independent Variables - For this study of job satisfaction we are taking Gender, Age, Department, Position and Tenure as independent variables. Dependent Variables - For this particular study of job satisfaction we are taking ong 10101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010verall Job Satisfaction, Intrinsic Job Satisfaction - Satisfaction with the actual performance of the job, Extrinsic Job Satisfaction things external to the job, e.g., office location, your work colleagues, your own office (cubicle/hard walled office, etc), and Benefits - Health insurance, pension plan, vacation, sick days, etc as dependent variables.10101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 Data Analyses All analysis are conducting by using SPSS for Windows (SPSS, 2000) were utilized to conduct statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the employment background and the job satisfaction variables. Frequency tables also show the data analysis results. Descriptive Statistics Descriptive statis

Advertising on the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertising on the Internet - Essay Example The world of advertising was not always the cut-throat competitive field it is today.Ads in television and newspapers were the norm a decade ago, and internet was just one of the new things on the horizon.Internet advertising actually began in 1994 when HotWired contracted 14 advertisers for its entry in the online market. In the next two years, the internet gained in popularity as a possible advertising medium, and by 1997, websites were already being advertised in the traditional media. As Kaye puts it:"The growth of Internet advertising since its 1994 birth has been truly phenomenal. What started out with banners as bland and common as roadside billboards has exploded into a rich-media interactive environment that may soon rival the rabbit hole in Alice in Wonderland. (Kaye et al, 2001)."But the internet was not always popular as an advertising medium. At the end of the millennium, there was some serious soul-searching done by commercial enterprises on whether the internet really had the possibilities in advertising that had been earlier claimed. This was closely associated with the bursting of the dot.com bubble. As Schumann and Thorson point out in their book written in 1999:"Yet, many companies are growing disillusioned with the commercial possibilities of online advertising, and some have suggested that the Internet is better suited for interpersonal communication and personal sites rather than commercial sites.. Executives are questioning whether the potential of the Internet is real or just hype, and some companies are considering decreasing or removing their investment in online advertising".(Schumann et al, 1999) This changed down the years and the internet is now an established advertising medium due to a few specific reasons. The very first was the decreasing price of software and hardware. What used to be expensive software and hardware ten years ago has today become open source software and nearly free hardware. This has led to the increased possibility of setting up websites, and publishing content at low or negligible cost. This means more advertising space can be created at low cost. The second was wider accessibility and higher speed of the internet with the arrival of the broadband: bandwidth prices have gone down from $1000/mbps to less than $20/mbps. This has meant a larger audience, who are able to browse a large number of pages, and hence advertisements, in a short space of time. Moreover, the audience stays online longer because of the sheer speed and convenience of the medium. The internet has truly become a mass medium with two out of three people in the US surfing the internet, and a whole lot of the population, especially the youth, spending longer on the internet than on watching television. Thirdly, advertising strategies have matured in that the internet is no longer considered only a space which would provide for click-through purchases, but also opportunities for long-term brand-building. In the words of Greg Stuart, president of Interactive Advertising Bureau: "Internet advertising is without question taking share from the other media at this time and for good reason-marketers have figured out that online advertising is often the most cost-effective medium for influencing both branding and sales results." (Olsen, 2004) This brings us to our fourth reason for the establishment of the internet as an advertising medium: cost effectiveness. It is cheaper to place an ad on the internet than it is to run it in on the television or print media. One obvious example is the election campaigns run by the presidential candidates: while there are ads on TV and print, a whole host of candidates have chosen to go the internet advertising route, and possibly none has ignored the internet altogether. Right now, the internet as an advertising medium is competing with the traditional media not only because of its cost-effectiveness and an increased reach, but also because it has a potential that the television and print media do not.

What were the legal and ethical ramifications of the mid 1980's Research Paper

What were the legal and ethical ramifications of the mid 1980's insider trading scandal - Research Paper Example The stock trading of an organization as well as other securities, which include bonds or stock options, by people who have significant inside information about a company is called the insider trading. It is considered to be legal by most countries, but only in the case that it does not harm the company and its profit making in any way. The insider traders are mostly the officers, key employees, directors and other shareholders who may gain such authentic information. But this very term, insider trading, also have negative connotations. In the United States, it is incumbent upon the inside traders to publicly declare their trade transactions to the regulatory authority within the given time of business days. However, when the same thing is done based on material nonpublic information while an insider is carrying a duty, it becomes a fraud and a breach of trust. This illegal insider trading, which as a result raises the cost of capital for security issuers lead to a large decline in ec onomic growth. There are ethics officers, who are commonly known as business conduct officers, hired by organizations to protect their interests (Geisst, 2006). â€Å"Wall Street insider trading scandal 1980†: This practice has started since the mid-1980s due to constant series of financial frauds, corruption and many abuse scandals which surrounded the US defense industry. To protect and promote the ethical business practices the Defense Industry Initiative (DII) was formed, which set an initial standard for ethics management in companies. One such famous case of an insider trading scandal is that of â€Å"the Wall Street insider trading scandal of the mid-1980s†. Its primary player was Dennis Levine who was a managing director at Drexel Burnham Lambert (Newsweek, 1986). The initial charge was filed by the US Attorney Rudy Giuliani which finally led the investigators to arrest Ivan Boesky. Levine built a whole network of professionals in many Wall Street firms who wer e engaged in insider trading. He maintained an account with a fake name in the Swiss banks subsidiaries in Bahamas because it has some of the hardest bank secrecy laws as compared to anywhere in the world. He did this to be safe from detection. He then had to shift his business in May 1980 to â€Å"Bank Leu† which earned him around $10.6 million (Stewart, 1991). But at Bank Leu, the officials there realized Levine’s insider trading activities and banked on him themselves. But they did this collaborative action through Merrill Lynch, which detected a suspicion about trading activities in two other brokers’ personal accounts in May 1985. This started an internal investigation which reached Bank Leu, where due to the bank’s secrecy they had to forward the matter to the SEC â€Å"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission†. It was decided by the bank officials that Levine should give his reasons for such an insider trading, but due to their destroying mos t of the sensitive documents relevant to Levine’s activity, they were charged with obstruction of justice (Dentzer, 1986). The Bank Leu officials decided to cooperate with the SEC because they noticed a huge gap between the actual managed accounts’ statements and the omnibus records. The stock trading was taken to be distinct from normal banking transactions and hence the bank named Levine guilty as the allegations were proved against him, thus his fraudulent activities led to his arrest. There was a tremendous amount of evidence against Levine related to securities fraud, obstructing justice, tax evasion and a charge of perjury as well. Levine decided to coordinate with the government in order to disclose the names of others who were involved alongside him (Levine and Hofer, 1991). This coordination with the government helped him to have a reduced sentence of two years in prison with a $362,000 fine (Time Magazine, 1987). He also agreed to pay the penalty for these il legal profits as well and also approved of

Business organisations law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business organisations law - Coursework Example It means that the liability of actual authority is greater compared to that of apparent authority because there is an agreement already undertaken. Actual authority is said to enjoy more power than an agent with apparent authority because a third party will usually be unaware of the terms and conditions of the agreement between the principal and his agent and thus he will be unaware of the extent of the agent’s actual authority. According to John D Maltas, an agent’s apparent authority will be unaffected by limitations on the actual authority, i.e. it is easier for a third party to establish that the agent acted within the scope of his apparent authority rather than the agent’s actual authority (John D Maltas, p 43) and hence he is said to have more power than apparent authority. Richard A. Mann and Barry S. Roberts emphasize that an apparent authority can not exist where the principal is undisclosed because, apparent authority is the power resulting from acts that appear to the third party to be authorized by the principal. (Richard A. Mann and Barry S. Roberts, p. 350) Normally an agent needs to disclose to his principal all material facts known to him and circumstances that may influence his principal when entering in to contracts. Once an agent fails to disclose these facts, he is not entitled to commission. Suppose, the agent has received any profit resulting from non-disclosure is recoverable by the principal (John D Maltas, p 49). This has been well explained by S. A. Christensen and W. D. Duncan. When one party to a contract pays a secret commission to the agent and does not disclose this to the principal, the party takes the risk of non-disclosure. A party who deals secretly with the agent of another will be considered to have committed a fraud against the principal and cannot later defend the validity of the transaction. This will require the principal to return any benefits received under the transaction, because this will not prohibit him

Network Forensics in the Cloud Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Network Forensics in the Cloud - Research Paper Example lenges of performing network forensics are presented due to the decentralization nature of data processing and lack of physical servers making the traditional approaches redundant. The examined challenges in network forensics in cloud infrastructures are as below; The expertise required to handle sophisticated cloud forensic crimes is lacking in many institutions since most investigations are conducted by digital forensic experts using conventional tools and procedures applied traditionally. Laws and regulations are slowly evolving with respect to swiftly changing cloud technologies (Peterson, & Shenoi, 2013). The forensic data accessed is dependent on the cloud model that is implemented in every service and deployment model. For instance; Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) clients have a comparatively unrestricted access to the statistics forensic investigators consider sufficient. On the other hand, the clients to software as a service (SaaS) will be provide with limited or no access to such information. This limited access to forensic information means that users of systems have limited knowledge and control of the physical locations of their data. The providers of cloud service omit the terms of use that would assist forensic preparedness of the cloud service (DeFranco, 2013). This limited access to metadata and log files by customers also reduces the ability to carry – out real time monitoring and auditing. The spread of mobile endpoints is a challenge for the collection of evidence and recovery of data and this is due to the impact of a crime, extensive number of resources linked to the cloud, and the workload of an investigation being considerable. The traditional forensics faces the challenge of disparate log formats and this is aggravated by cloud since there is prevalence of proprietary log formats and it holds large volumes of data logs. Since deleted data is sensitive to forensic investigations then remote access is hardly possible when the